Pratyaksh
Active surveillance layer · between empanelled hospital and BPA payout

Catch the fraud BPA scrutiny doesn’t.

Pratyaksh sits over the existing ECHS pipeline — the 64 KB smart card, the UTI-ITSL Bill Processing Agency, the polyclinic referral stream — and adds three things ECHS does not have today: an emergency-admission auto-trigger, a cross-hospital nexus graph that sees collusion with non-empanelled entities, and a one-way bedside witness call by a verified Army Medical Corps officer.

₹105 Cr+
ECHS losses flagged in CAG performance audit (Report 51 of 2015)
₹562.4 Cr
fake AB-PMJAY claims detected by NHA — proof active surveillance works
2025
CBI books super-specialty hospitals in Chandigarh-Mohali ECHS fraud

Public-record figures from CAG, NHA and CBI. Full source list in footer.

Live demo dataset8hospitals monitored3active signals5critical signals₹14.60 Lunder review1critical-risk hospitalsopen dashboard
Sample case · illustrative
Emergency-admission flag
BPA claim feed → Pratyaksh scoring overlay → live witness page
Trigger
Emergency admission · no prior referral
CAG 2025: poor scrutiny of emergency admissions
Cross-claim collision
Same beneficiary card billed at 2nd hospital
Pattern named in CAG Report 51 of 2015
Nexus-graph signal
Edge to non-empanelled facility · 30-day window
Echoes the 2025 Manthan Health Care collusion model
Bedside witness
AMC officer paging — one-way visual
Distinct from E-SeHAT (patient telemedicine)
Pre-disbursement hold issued to BPA

Evidence bundle hash-chained · ready for Channel of Inquiry

The persistent gap

The same fraud patterns CAG flagged in 2015 are the ones CBI is booking in 2025.

ECHS already has identity (64 KB smart card with Aadhaar biometric), claims processing (UTI-ITSL BPA), and patient telemedicine (E-SeHAT). What it does not have is a layer that watches patterns across claims and intervenes before money moves.

Emergency-admission abuse

CAG 2025 named “poor scrutiny of emergency admissions.” The 2025 CBI Chandigarh-Mohali case used exactly this loophole — emergency tags to bypass referral, then inflated bills.

CAG 2025 · CBI FIR 2025
Cross-hospital duplicate billing

CAG 2015 cited ₹42.67 lakh raised by two empanelled hospitals for the same patient on the same day, in two cities. BPA scrutinises per-claim, not cross-claim. The gap is still open.

CAG Report 51 of 2015
Non-empanelled-hospital collusion

Manthan Health Care (Chandigarh, 2025), not ECHS-empanelled, allegedly operated as a back-end for empanelled hospitals — invisible to the 64 KB smart card and BPA portal.

CBI FIR · Apr 2025
Reactive, not active

Every ECHS inquiry today starts with a complaint. The Aug 2025 DESW order centralised every punitive action — slower, not earlier. There is no proactive trigger from the claim itself.

ECHS Order Aug 2025
Six modules · zero overlap

What Pratyaksh does — and only what is genuinely missing.

We dropped every module that duplicates a deployed ECHS, CGHS or NHA system. What remains is the four real gaps audit reports keep surfacing: emergency triggers, cross-hospital nexus, bedside witness, and a pre-disbursement hold.

Real-time on BPA feed
Emergency-admission auto-trigger
Every claim entering BPA with an emergency tag is scored in real time against referral history, prior authorisation, and beneficiary movement. No more silent acceptance.
Nightly · 02:00 IST cron
Cross-hospital nexus graph
Beneficiary, referrer, empanelled hospital and adjacent non-empanelled entity modeled as one graph. Cliques, repeat triads and circular referrals surface what per-claim review cannot.
Distinct from E-SeHAT
Bedside witness call
A rostered Army Medical Corps officer joins on a one-way visual channel to confirm patient, procedure and consumables at the bedside. Not patient care — adversarial verification.
BPA integration
Pre-disbursement hold queue
Flagged claims are held at BPA before payout, with the evidence pack pushed to Director (C&L) for the existing Channel of Inquiry workflow. Hold, don’t replace.
ISO 27001 · Cert-In
Hash-chained forensic ledger
Every observation, score, signature and override is append-only and hash-linked. Bundles are exportable to CAG, CBI and DESW with intact chain-of-custody.
Vs Channel of Inquiry
Active-surveillance dashboard
Director (C&L) and RC Directors see a live queue ranked by risk — replacing the complaint-driven workflow the Oct 2025 advisory still requires.
Integration surface

What Pratyaksh is not — and exactly how it plugs in.

Pratyaksh is additive infrastructure. It does not replace any deployed ECHS, CGHS or NHA system; it consumes their feeds and feeds back into their workflows.

We do not replace

  • ECHS 64 KB Smart Card
    Source Infosys · Beneficiary identity · Aadhaar biometric at admission
  • Bill Processing Agency
    UTI-ITSL · echsbpa.utiitsl.com · Claims submission, scrutiny, reimbursement
  • E-SeHAT / SeHAT OPD
    HQ IDS · DGAFMS · CDAC Mohali · Doctor-to-patient telemedicine consultation
  • NABH empanelment
    NABH · ECHS · Empanelment certification and inspection
  • CGHS HMIS (2025)
    C-DAC · CGHS beneficiary management & PAN-link

We integrate at these seams

  • Inbound · BPA claim feed
    Real-time webhook (or N-min pull) of submitted claims with line items, emergency flag and supporting docs.
  • Inbound · Smart-card transaction events
    Card auth events (card #, hospital ID, timestamp, biometric pass/fail) for cross-hospital collision detection.
  • Inbound · Polyclinic referral records
    Referring physician, beneficiary, target hospital and specialty — the spine of the nexus graph.
  • Outbound · Pre-disbursement hold to BPA
    Hold notice with reason code and evidence-pack URL. BPA holds payout pending Channel of Inquiry decision.
  • Outbound · Vigilance trigger to Director (C&L)
    Hash-chained case file routed into the existing ECHS Channel of Inquiry — does not bypass DESW approval.
  • Outbound · Forensic export (CAG / CBI)
    Signed, append-only evidence bundle with public hash root for independent verification.

Full integration spec: docs/integration-surface.md.

The audit flow

Five steps. Each one is additive — none removes an existing control.

  1. 01
    BPA receives claim

    Empanelled hospital submits to UTI-ITSL BPA as today. No change to hospital workflow.

  2. 02
    Pratyaksh scores

    We consume the BPA feed in real time, run rule triggers (emergency, duplicate, rate-card outlier) and score against the nexus graph.

  3. 03
    Trigger or release

    Score below threshold → BPA proceeds untouched. Score above → page an AMC officer and place a pre-disbursement hold.

  4. 04
    Bedside witness

    Officer joins on one-way visual to the bedside, confirms patient and procedure, signs the observation cryptographically.

  5. 05
    Channel of Inquiry

    Confirmed cases route into the existing ECHS Channel of Inquiry with a complete hash-chained evidence pack. DESW retains approval authority.

Economics

Sized against public-record audits, not invented pilots.

We have not run a pilot yet. The numbers below come from published CAG reports and the National Health Authority’s own disclosures on AB-PMJAY, which is the closest comparable scheme with active surveillance already deployed.

₹105 Cr+
ECHS losses to fraud · CAG 2015

First-of-its-kind performance audit, Report 51 of 2015 — three-year window.

₹562.4 Cr
Fake claims caught in AB-PMJAY

NHA disclosure · 2.7 lakh claims, 1,114 hospitals de-empanelled, 549 suspended.

0%
Replacement of deployed systems

No rip-and-replace. We consume BPA / smart-card feeds and feed back into Channel of Inquiry.

Success-fee
Procurement model

Pricing tied to confirmed pre-disbursement holds adjudicated through DESW. No upfront capex proposed.

Trust & governance

Built to feed evidence into the chain that already exists.

Sovereign hosting
Indian regions only. Data residency, key custody and audit logs governed under MeitY guidelines and Cert-In requirements.
AMC officer roster
Witness calls are made by Army Medical Corps officers — distinct in role and accountability from E-SeHAT consulting physicians.
Cryptographic chain-of-custody
Each observation hash-linked to the prior. Bundles export with a public Merkle root suitable for CAG and CBI inquiry use.
Additive to DESW process
Aug 2025 order centralises punitive action approval at DESW. Pratyaksh feeds richer evidence into that workflow — it does not bypass it.
Shadow-mode evaluation · proposed

Run Pratyaksh against a live BPA queue — without touching payouts.

A 90-day shadow-mode pilot consumes the BPA feed read-only and surfaces what Pratyaksh would have flagged. No holds are placed, no referrals stopped. At day 90 we co-publish the precision/recall numbers with the empanelling authority, and only then discuss enabling pre-disbursement holds.

Briefings available to ECHS Central Organisation, DESW, CGHS DG and NHA. We are not asking for production access on day one.